Case reports Lessons from practice 156
نویسندگان
چکیده
A paradoxical reaction (PR) in tuberculosis (TB) is the worsening of disease after starting TB therapy, usually despite microbiological response. It may represent an inflammatory response to the release of antigen from dying bacilli.1 Such disease exacerbation has also been observed in people with HIV when antiretrovirals are started,2 and in individuals with TB when tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) antagonists are discontinued.3 A PR may manifest with new pulmonary lesions or lymphadenopathy3 and can be life-threatening, especially in patients with neurotuberculosis.1 Management involves high-dose corticosteroids, but in intractable cases success has been reported with TNF- blockade.1,3-5 Clinical record
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Important Lessons Learned From Nearly a Half-Century of Orthopedic Practice
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